Maternal health literacy and adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation during pregnancy

Maternal anemia remains a significant public health concern among pregnant women in the Philippines, and limited maternal health literacy may affect adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation (IFAS) during pregnancy. This study examined the relationship between maternal health literacy, maternal information-seeking behavior, and adherence to IFAS among pregnant women in Iloilo City. A quantitative correlational research design was utilized involving 65 pregnant women selected through accidental sampling during the second semester of Academic Year 2025–2026. Data were gathered using an adapted and modified version of the Maternal Health Literacy Inventory in Pregnancy (MHELIP) questionnaire developed by Taheri et al. (2020). Frequency, percentage, mean, and Pearson-r correlation were used to analyze the data. Findings revealed that most respondents were aged 21–30 years old, were college graduates, and were currently taking iron and folic acid supplements. The respondents demonstrated moderate maternal health literacy and high information-seeking behavior and adherence to IFAS. Significant positive correlations were found between maternal health literacy, information-seeking behavior, and adherence to IFAS. These findings support Dorothea Orem’s theory, emphasizing that improved health literacy and active information-seeking behavior contribute to better self-care practices during pregnancy. The study highlights the importance of strengthening maternal health literacy through effective health education, counseling, and maternal support to improve adherence to supplementation and promote better maternal and fetal health outcomes among pregnant women.